July 21, 2025 marks a rare constitutional moment in India’s democratic history. On this day, Vice‑President Jagdeep Dhankhar resigned with immediate effect, citing health concerns and medical advice under Article 67(a) of the Indian Constitution, terminating his tenure prematurely—two years ahead of schedule.
At 74, Dhankhar—who assumed office on 11 August 2022 as the 14th Vice‑President and ex officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha—is only the third to depart mid‑term, following V. V. Giri (1969) and R. Venkataraman (1987), who both moved on to become President.
Health or Hidden Motives? Speculation Amid Celebration
Dhankhar’s resignation letter emphasised health: “To prioritise health care and abide by medical advice,” without further specifics . His recent medical history lends credibility to this reason: a cardiac-related hospitalization at AIIMS in March 2025, and a fainting episode at an event in Uttarakhand in June.
Yet opposition leaders remain sceptical. Congress MP Jairam Ramesh acknowledged health as important but hinted at “far deeper reasons” underlying the timing and abruptness—particularly events between 1 PM and 4:30 PM on the day of his resignation. Other opposition figures voiced concerns about possible pressure from the government and internal political rifts.
A Contentious Career in Public Office
Dhankhar’s tenure has been equally distinguished and divisive. As Rajya Sabha Chairman, he presided over a House marked by repeated confrontations with Opposition MPs, faced a notice for removal, and saw heated exchanges involving privilege motions and parliamentary decorum.
Previously, as Governor of West Bengal, he was consistently in the spotlight for his combative confrontations with the state government. BJP leadership had publicly defended his impartiality, describing him as professional—though Opposition criticism remained persistent.
Constitutional Consequence and Political Ramifications
By virtue of Articles 63–71 and the Vice‑President (Election) Rules, 1974, the Election Commission is constitutionally bound to organize fresh elections “as soon as possible” to fill the vacancy.
Meanwhile, Deputy Chairman Harivansh will preside over Rajya Sabha proceedings until a successor takes office .
Dhankhar’s departure coincides with an internal leadership trance in the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Reports suggest a likely party overhaul, and BJP leaders like Haribhau Bagade from Maharashtra are already viewed as potential frontrunners for the now‑vacant post.
Significance and Editorial Perspective
The sudden resignation of a sitting Vice-President—appointed and holding office without clear electoral controversy—raises multiple concerns:
1. Transparency in Political Office: Despite legitimate health concerns, the lack of detailed disclosure invites speculation and erodes public trust.
2. Institutional Fragility: Dhankhar’s tenure was marred by institutional friction, both within Parliament and his gubernatorial past. His departure leaves unresolved tensions in legislative conduct.
3. Party Dynamics at Play: Occurring amid BJP’s internal deliberations and leadership transitions, the exit may reflect deeper strategic repositioning.
4. Constitutional Resilience: India’s framework allowed for immediate resignation and orderly transition, demonstrating robust procedural resilience.
Conclusion
Jagdeep Dhankhar’s resignation underscores the intricate interplay between health, duty, political theatre, and constitutional mechanics in Indian democracy. His articulate assertion of gratitude to President Droupadi Murmu, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, ministers, and MPs in his resignation letter illustrated the dignity of office—yet has left more questions than answers.
As the nation awaits the Election Commission’s timeline and proposed predecessor emerges, India finds itself at a constitutional crossroads—one that demands transparency, sober reflection, and strategic calm.